Perpetual Motion
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Perpetual Motion may refer to different modes of energy production.
- Self-Motive Power is any method of energy generation wherein the energy (as motive power) input is at least equal to the energy (as motive power) output, allowing the energy output to feedback into the operation as a self-sustaining system; and, as this method is self-sustaining, it may be said to operate in Perpetual Motion (or, at least, until material components break down); and if this method produces more energy than was initially input (overunity), that excess is Free Energy. Classical thermodynamics and its inheritors hold that any such methods are impossible within physical systems as they have been understood, as energy cannot be created, only transformed, and that any energy input will be transformed (entropy) into both heat and motive power (work), reducing the amount of motive power available to enable the continuing action of an operation.
- Environmental Energy that is harnessed to produce motive power has been promoted as perpetual motion, based on an understanding that the energy source is Perpetually and Infinitely Available. This has historically included anything from wave energy (as in ocean waves), solar energy, the force of gravity, to more esoteric forces that are based in obsolete or unconventional theories of physics.
Would-Be Inventors of Perpetual Motion Machines
13th-17th Century
18th Century
19th Century
1801-09
1810s
1820s
1830s
1840s
- Taylor, William
- Boon, Sanford (Col.)
1850s
1860s
1870s
- Wickersham, Jr., Horace
- Willis, E. P.
- Birch, John (F Street Hermit)
- Keely, John Worrell
- Allen, George F.
- Ellsworth, J. D.
- Schultze, Frederick E.
- Paine, H. M.
- Jones, Hiram
- Glassey, William
- Muller, August
- Schumacher, Heinrich
- Vickery, Hezekiah
- Freuing, Henry (Apple John)
- Hosmer, Harriet
- Sprague, Peter T.
- Gary, Wesley W.
- Pullman, H. S.
1880s
- Oaks, George (Hermit of Latonia)
- Pielnowski, Albert
- Oberon, W. S.
- Hyett, William F.
- Jennings, David
- Elliott, Samuel
- Wells, Mort
- Hazzard, Frank
- Russell, Luther
- Lafevre, J.
- Cook, George
- Gamgee, John
- Garrett, Joshua
- Evans, David
- Suiter, Albert
- Fouchet, Joquina
- Brown, Charles
- Tracy, M. T.
- Forster, R. J.
- Smith, Herkimer
- Mielan, G. A.
- Buie, Robert
- Crandall, O. K.
- Furman, George H.
- Jeffreys, Aaron
- Logan, Andrew
- Schroeder, William
- Auckenplauss, Rudolph
- Pooch, Henry
- Cressey, E.
- Beaman, Aaron
- Cook, D. M.
- Waltner, John
- Hainly, Frank
- Schirrmeister, Charles
- Orendorff, John
- Paillet, Joseph
- Cornwall, Louis
- Gray, William H.
- Schwartz, Zachariah
- Withers, John E.
- Stephenson, George
- Edwards, Joseph
- Anderson, Elbert J.
- Parker, Clarence
- Hanson, Charles H.
- Robertson, Archibald James
- Grill, Gottfried
- Guntle, William
- Duley, Benjamin
- Deforce, George I.
- Robillard, Richard
1890-1900
- Luckehe, H. B. ("King" Henry Bea Luckehe)
- Parsons, Jehu (Hermit of Irvington)
- Taliaferro, Eilbeck Hunter
- Stanley, Christopher
- McNabb, Bill
- Jones, R. J.
- Breitenmoser, J.
- Vandegrift, E. T.
- Gouley, John L.
- Massey, Harvey
- Bisbing, Thomas
- Crepeau, H. T.
- Carnes, Charley
- Buechner, Louis
- Unthank, William Stanley
- Snowden, John
- Mattox, P. C.
- Mills, Jacob
- Meinhart, Barber
- Mills, Hannibal G.
- Grubers, Joseph
- Libbey, Hosea W.
- Luna, Alejandro
- Hanson, Erasmus
- Campbell, William C.
- Quisenberry, William
- Page, Herman
- Conday, Joseph
- Burrows, J. H.
- Heine, Charles
- de la Torre, Antonio
- Haile, J. T.
- Rickles, Louis
- Gottworth, Henry
- Timmis, William
- Vanmossler, John
- Powell, Robert
- Yandell, J. E.
- Brennan, Isaac
- McCarthy, Richard
- Patrono, Michael
- Kesler, Martin
- Starns, Elliott
- Pepper, F. N.
- Harris, Bijah
- Finglass, Benjamin
- Kellar, George
- Bowker, I. (Rev.)
- Stroble, Fred
- Sturgill, John
- Beckman, J. P.
- Carl, Lewis
- Scott, Robert L.
- Prows, Daniel W.
- Snodgrass, Nelson
- Ward, Arthur
- McAdams, Louis C.
- von Holtzschuherr, Otto (Count)
- Heilbrun, Paul
- Baurichter, William
- Pfeifer, Andrew
- Pole, Benjamin C.
- Hall, Carter
- Rahigey, P. P.
- Hackman, Fred
- Weltner, L.
- Dunn, Joseph
- Wolma, A. J.
- Burns, W. H.
- Rogers, S. S.
- Gordon, Charles A.
- Russell, Albert S.
- Aldrich, J. M.
- Henry, E. G. (Postmaster of Scullton)
- Whitmore, Reuben A. (Catoctin Hermit)
- Owens, W. G.
- Ericson, Morton F.
- Gladish, W. J.
- Kaller, J. G.
- Fall, Samuel P. (Hermit of East Lebanon)
- Brambel, Grant (Wizard of Sleepy Eye)
- Sandifer, Robert G. J.
- Nickum, S. B.
- Britts, B. B.
- Ratliff, John
- Rist, John S.
- Bissing, Justus
- Heglar, Arthur L. (Dr.)
- Sundquist, John
- Birt, Alfred
- Crank, R. L.
- Hoverman, Henry
- Schmehl, Howard B.
- Ravenskilde, Peter M.
- Leeper, James
- Mahoney, Timothy
- Guiddinger, John
- Christopher, Gabriel
- Horn, Jesse
- Hayworth, James W.
- Bissett, J. H.
- Tripler, Charles
- Johnson, Emil
- Gardner, Henry
- Dayton, A. J.
- Martin, Samuel
- Town, Barnard
- Fairbanks, Ruland
- Reinhemer, H.
- Pope, Anderson
- Howard, Charles (Hermit of Okefenokee Swamp)
- Brown, James
- Webster, George
- Shade, Otto
- Salmon, B. F.
- Trainer, John
20th Century
1901-09
- Pence, W. H.
- Lusadder, D. S.
- Goss, William
- Mercer, J. Warren
- Saheb, Basel
- McMillan, William
- Herford, William
- Redmond, Albert (Const.)
- Debus, William
- Kemble, Amos
- Ormsby, Charles
- Rose, Herbert
- Otto, Francis Henry (Perpetual Motion Otto)
- Haller, James
- Dean, Harry Burness
- Shannon, Jere
- Kelley, Patrick
- Doyle, William H.
- Pedroti, Andrew
- Cheek, John W.
- Wondries, Charles
- Clark, Emmett
- Grimes, J. D.
- Barrett, Harry
- Vantine, Thomas
- Morris, F. W.
- Aldert, David
- Stephens, A. J.
- Keel, G. A.
- Merrilatt, P. C.
- Cutchin, Gertrude
- Winemiller, George
- DeWitt, Charles N.
- Elliott, Peter O.
- Zeigler, D. G.
- Place, James E.
- Frey, Aaron
- Schapp, Adolph
- Bunch, John W.
- Russell, E. F.
- Pegram, George
- Ferry, James
- Sahlberg, Carl August
- Glenn, T. L.
- Sweet, C. N.
- Uniapon, David
- Woodring, Edwin (LeHigh Hermit)
- Knoerl, John
- Webber, Charles J.
- Scott, J. O.
- Tuch, Christian Carl
- McMahon, Frank
- Saunders, W. L.
- Maycock, A. H.
1910s
- Perrigo, Harry E.
- Markwood, Alfred Taylor
- Kirk, John R.
- Stritzen, John
- Grossman, Carl
- Larson, Hans August
- Hodges, Noel
- Gernand, Andrew
- Hitchcock, Stanley I.
- Herr, Chris F.
- Rogers, Charles
- Raymond, H. B.
- Ackerland, Erick
- Canion, W. G.
- Banks, L. R.
- Blades, Joe D.
- Blanchette, Elie
- Freer, Charles H.
- Florio, Virginio
- Kennedy, J. W.
- Ostewig, Swan
- Bloomberg, Otto
- Ostewig, Kinnie A.
- Bevins, George
- Bryner, Karl
- Rutzen, A. C.
- Laney, James
- Fletcher, Ambrose
- Raes, Joseph
- Ulram, Richard
- Kilpatrick, Elbert C.
- Giragossian, Garabed T. K.
- Bowman, William M. (Hermit of Sierra)
- Miles, Edmund
1920s
- Merrill, Floyd B. (a.k.a. Burke, James)
- Hoffman, C. J. H.
- Garbe, William F.
- Colvin, D. W.
- Storms, Nathan
- Nelson, August
- Lymburner, E. W.
- Davis, Riley
- Harris, T. M.
- Brown, Homer D.
- Hendershot, Lester
- d'Angelo, Antonio
- Lame, D. E.
- Townsend, J. A.
- Wolfe, Charles J.
- Simpkins, Ralph A.
1930s
1940s
1950s
1960s
- Dean, Norman L. (Dean Drive)
- Cotter, Wade
- Kudyk, Michael
- Brown, Al
- Annis, Andrew
- Poe, Dupree
- Dinwiddle, Joseph
- Kozlovskis, Oskar (Power Wing)
- Brady, James
1970s
- Searl, John (Searl Effect Generator)
- Webb, John O.
- Richardson, Mark N.
- Billstrom, John
- von Platen, Baltzar
- Burke, Arnold
- DePalma, Bruce
- Kenyon, Keith
1980s
1990-2000
21st Century
2001-2010
- Kelly, Patrick (Genesis World Energy)
- McCarthy, Seán (Steorn Ltd.)
2010s
- Nikornpan, Saharat (Hydro-Electrenergy)
2020s
- Ibrahim, Wisam Khalid (World Gravity Motor)
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Free Energy Patents and Patent Office Responses
Reading
- Dircks, Henry (1861), Search for Self-Motive Power During the 17th, 18th and 19th Centuries, London
- Dircks, Henry (1870), A History of the Search for Self-Motive Power from the 13th to the 19th Century, London
- Vance, Percy (1916), Perpetual Motion: Comprising a History of the Efforts to Attain Self-Motive Mechanism, With a Classified, Illustrated, Collection and Explanation of the Devices Whereby It Has Been Sought and Why They Failed, and Comprising Also a Revision and Re-Arrangement of the Information Afforded by "Search for Self-Motive Power During the 17th, 18th and 19th Centuries," London, 1861, and "a History of the Search for Self-Motive Power from the 13th to the 19th Century," London, 1870, by Henry Dircks, C.E., LL.D., Etc., Chicago: 20th Century Enlightenment Specialty Co., https://archive.org/details/perpetualmotionc00verarich