Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰹⱌⰰ (Glagolitsa)
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Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰹⱌⰰ (tr. glagolica, "Glagolitic") is an Old Slavic alphabet, believed to have been originally devised in the mid-9th century by St. Cyril (Constantine), a Byzantine monk from Thessaloniki, for the purpose of translating the Scriptures into the language of the Slavs in Great Moravia in order to engage in Christian proselytisation. It was formerly used for the writing of Old Church Slavonic before being displaced by the Early Cyrillic alphabet some decades after it was first invented; though, in an exception to the precedence of Cyrillic, it did remain in use as late as the nineteenth century among Croatian Orthodox clerics writing in Church Slavonic.
Alphabet
The Glagolitic alphabet originally contained 38 characters, gradually expanding to 41, with certain numeric correspondences assigned (and possibly re-assigned) to each letter.
| Letter | Cyrillic | Pr. | Tr. Name | O.C.S. Name | C.S. Name | Meaning | Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ⰰ | А | /ɑ/ | Azu | Azъ | Az | I | 1 |
| Ⰱ | Б | /b/ | Bouky | Buky | Buky | letters | 2 |
| Ⰲ | В | /ʋ/ | Vede | Vědě | Vedi | to know | 3 |
| Ⰳ | Г, Ґ | /ɡ/ | Glagolu | Glagoli | Glagoli | to do/to speak | 4 |
| Ⰴ | Д | /d/ | Dobro | Dobro | Dobro | kindness/good | 5 |
| Ⰵ | Є, Е, Э, ë | /ɛ/ | Jestu | Jestъ | Jest | is/exists | 6 |
| Ⰶ | Ж | /ʒ/ | Zhivete | Živěte | Zhivete | life/live | 7 |
| Ⰷ | Ѕ | /d͡z/ | Dzelo | Dzělo | Dzelo | very | 8 |
| Ⰸ | З | /z/ | Zemlja | Zemlja | Zemlja | earth/ground/soil | 9 |
| Ⰹ, Ⰺ | Ι, Ї | /i/, /j/ | I, Izhe | I | I | and (&) | 10 |
| Ⰻ | И | /i/, /j/ | I | Iže | Izhe | which is/the | 20 |
| Ⰼ | Ꙉ, Ћ, Ђ, Џ | /d͡ʑ/ | Gjerv | Djervь, ǵervь | tree/wood | 30 | |
| Ⰽ | К | /k/ | Kako | Kako | Kako | how/as | 40 |
| Ⰾ | Л, Љ | /l/, /ʎ/ | Ljudie | Ljudie | Ljudi | people | 50 |
| Ⰿ | М | /m/ | Myslite | Myslite | Mislete | thought/think | 60 |
| Ⱀ | Н, Њ | /n/, /ɲ/ | Nashi | Našь | Nash | ours | 70 |
| Ⱁ | О | /ɔ/ | Onu | Onъ | On | he | 80 |
| Ⱂ | П | /p/ | Pokoi | Pokoj | Pokoj | calmness/peace | 90 |
| Ⱃ | Р | /r/ | Rici | Rьci, rьtsi | Rtsi | Speak!/Pronounce! | 100 |
| Ⱄ | С | /s/ | Slovo | Slovo | Slovo | word/speech | 200 |
| Ⱅ | Т | /t/ | Tvrido | Tvrьdo | Tverdo | solid/hard/surely | 300 |
| Ⱆ | У | /u/ | Uku | Ukъ | Uk | Knowledgeable/Enlightened | 400 |
| Ⱇ | Ф | /f/ | Fritu | Frьtъ | Fert | 500 | |
| Ⱈ | Х | /x/ | Heru | Xěrъ | Kher | 600 | |
| Ⱉ | Ѡ | /ɔ/ | Out | Otъ | Oht, Omega | From | 700 |
| Ⱋ | Щ | /tʲ/, /ʃ͡t/ | Shta | Šta/Šča | Shta/Shcha | 800 | |
| Ⱌ | Ц | /t͡s/ | Ci | Ci, tsi | Tsi | 900 | |
| Ⱍ | Ч | /t͡ɕ/ | Chrivi | Črьvъ | Cherv | worm | 1000 |
| Ⱎ | Ш | /ʃ/ | Sha | Ša | Sha | silence/quiet | 2000 |
| Ⱏ | Ъ | /ɯ/ | Jeru | Jerъ | Yer | ||
| ⰟⰊ | Ы | /ɨ/ | Jery | Jery | Yery | ||
| Ⱐ | Ь | /ə/ | Jeri | Jerь | Yer` | ||
| Ⱑ | Ѣ, Я | /æ/, /jɑ/ | Jati | Jatь, Yatь | Yat, Ya | ||
| Ⱖ | Ё | /jo/ | Jo | ||||
| Ⱓ | Ю | /ju/ | Jou | Ju, yu | Yu | ||
| Ⱔ | Ѧ | /ɛ̃/ | Ensu (small jousu) | [Ensь] | Small yus | ||
| Ⱗ | Ѩ | /jɛ̃/ | Jensu (small jousu) | [Jensь] | [Small iotated yus] | ||
| Ⱘ | Ѫ | /ɔ̃/ | Onsu (big jousu) | [Onsь] | [Big yus] | ||
| Ⱙ | Ѭ | /jɔ̃/ | Jonsu (big jousu) | [Jonsь] | [Big iotated yus] | ||
| Ⱚ | Ѳ | /θ/ | Thita | [Thita] | Fita | Theta* | |
| Ⱛ | Ѵ | /ʏ/, /i/ | Yzhica | Ižica | Izhitsa |
- Thusly, one might perform an isopsephic operation as follows: Ⰳⰾⰰⰳⱁⰾⰹⱌⰰ = 4 + 50 + 1 + 4 + 80 + 50 + 10 + 900 + 1 = 1100
Reading
- Mathiesen, Robert (2014), "A New Reconstruction of the Original Glagolitic Alphabet", Philology Broad and Deep: 187-214, https://www.academia.edu/7784124/_76_A_New_Reconstruction_of_the_Original_Glagolitic_Alphabet_2014_