Perpetual Motion



Perpetual Motion may refer to different modes of energy production.


 * Self-Motive Power is any method of energy generation wherein the energy (as motive power) input is at least equal to the energy (as motive power) output, allowing the energy output to feedback into the operation as a self-sustaining system; and, as this method is self-sustaining, it may be said to operate in Perpetual Motion (or, at least, until material components break down); and if this method produces more energy than was initially input (overunity), that excess is Free Energy. Classical thermodynamics and its inheritors hold that any such methods are impossible within physical systems as they have been understood, as energy cannot be created, only transformed, and that any energy input will be transformed (entropy) into both heat and motive power (work), reducing the amount of motive power available to enable the continuing action of an operation.
 * Environmental Energy that is harnessed to produce motive power has been promoted as perpetual motion, based on an understanding that the energy source is Perpetually and Infinitely Available. This has historically included anything from wave energy (as in ocean waves), solar energy, the force of gravity, to more esoteric forces that are based in obsolete or unconventional theories of physics.

13th-17th Century

 * de Honecort, Wilars
 * Zimara, Mark Antony
 * Sinclair, George
 * Sommerset, Edward
 * Capra, A.

18th Century

 * Bessler, Jean-Ernest Eli (Orffyreus)
 * Ferguson, James
 * Haywood, John
 * Varley, Richard

1810s

 * Redheffer, Charles
 * Spence, John
 * Kirkpatrick, James

1820s

 * Mackintosh, F. S.
 * Vallance, Dixon
 * Denniston, Samuel
 * Congreve, William

1830s

 * Banning, Elijah T.

1840s

 * Taylor, William
 * Boon, Sanford (Col.)

1850s

 * Hendrickson, James G.
 * Putnam, Cyrus

1860s

 * Cheney, Leonard
 * Leach, W. L.

1870s

 * Wickersham, Jr., Horace
 * Willis, E. P.
 * Birch, John (F Street Hermit)
 * Keely, John Worrell
 * Allen, George F.
 * Ellsworth, J. D.
 * Schultze, Frederick E.
 * Paine, H. M.
 * Jones, Hiram
 * Glassey, William
 * Muller, August
 * Schumacher, Heinrich
 * Vickery, Hezekiah
 * Freuing, Henry (Apple John)
 * Hosmer, Harriet
 * Sprague, Peter T.
 * Gary, Wesley W.
 * Pullman, H. S.

1880s

 * Oaks, George (Hermit of Latonia)
 * Pielnowski, Albert
 * Oberon, W. S.
 * Hyett, William F.
 * Jennings, David
 * Elliott, Samuel
 * Wells, Mort
 * Hazzard, Frank
 * Russell, Luther
 * Lafevre, J.
 * Cook, George
 * Gamgee, John
 * Garrett, Joshua
 * Evans, David
 * Suiter, Albert
 * Fouchet, Joquina
 * Brown, Charles
 * Tracy, M. T.
 * Forster, R. J.
 * Smith, Herkimer
 * Mielan, G. A.
 * Buie, Robert
 * Crandall, O. K.
 * Furman, George H.
 * Jeffreys, Aaron
 * Logan, Andrew
 * Schroeder, William
 * Auckenplauss, Rudolph
 * Pooch, Henry
 * Cressey, E.
 * Beaman, Aaron
 * Cook, D. M.
 * Waltner, John
 * Hainly, Frank
 * Schirrmeister, Charles
 * Orendorff, John
 * Paillet, Joseph
 * Cornwall, Louis
 * Gray, William H.
 * Schwartz, Zachariah
 * Withers, John E.
 * Stephenson, George
 * Edwards, Joseph
 * Anderson, Elbert J.
 * Parker, Clarence
 * Hanson, Charles H.
 * Robertson, Archibald James
 * Grill, Gottfried
 * Guntle, William
 * Duley, Benjamin
 * Deforce, George I.
 * Robillard, Richard

1890-1900

 * Luckehe, H. B. ("King" Henry Bea Luckehe)
 * Parsons, Jehu (Hermit of Irvington)
 * Taliaferro, Eilbeck Hunter
 * Stanley, Christopher
 * McNabb, Bill
 * Jones, R. J.
 * Breitenmoser, J.
 * Vandegrift, E. T.
 * Gouley, John L.
 * Massey, Harvey
 * Bisbing, Thomas
 * Crepeau, H. T.
 * Carnes, Charley
 * Buechner, Louis
 * Unthank, William Stanley
 * Snowden, John
 * Mattox, P. C.
 * Mills, Jacob
 * Meinhart, Barber
 * Mills, Hannibal G.
 * Grubers, Joseph
 * Libbey, Hosea W.
 * Luna, Alejandro
 * Hanson, Erasmus
 * Campbell, William C.
 * Quisenberry, William
 * Page, Herman
 * Conday, Joseph
 * Burrows, J. H.
 * Heine, Charles
 * de la Torre, Antonio
 * Haile, J. T.
 * Rickles, Louis
 * Gottworth, Henry
 * Timmis, William
 * Vanmossler, John
 * Powell, Robert
 * Yandell, J. E.
 * Brennan, Isaac
 * McCarthy, Richard
 * Patrono, Michael
 * Kesler, Martin
 * Starns, Elliott
 * Pepper, F. N.
 * Harris, Bijah
 * Finglass, Benjamin
 * Kellar, George
 * Bowker, I. (Rev.)
 * Stroble, Fred
 * Sturgill, John
 * Beckman, J. P.
 * Carl, Lewis
 * Scott, Robert L.
 * Prows, Daniel W.
 * Snodgrass, Nelson
 * Ward, Arthur
 * McAdams, Louis C.
 * von Holtzschuherr, Otto (Count)
 * Heilbrun, Paul
 * Baurichter, William
 * Pfeifer, Andrew
 * Pole, Benjamin C.
 * Hall, Carter
 * Rahigey, P. P.
 * Hackman, Fred
 * Weltner, L.
 * Dunn, Joseph
 * Wolma, A. J.
 * Burns, W. H.
 * Rogers, S. S.
 * Gordon, Charles A.
 * Russell, Albert S.
 * Aldrich, J. M.
 * Henry, E.
 * Whitmore, Reuben A. (Catoctin Hermit)
 * Owens, W. G.
 * Ericson, Morton F.
 * Gladish, W. J.
 * Kaller, J. G.
 * Fall, Samuel P. (Hermit of East Lebanon)
 * Brambel, Grant (Wizard of Sleepy Eye)
 * Sandifer, Robert G. J.
 * Nickum, S. B.
 * Britts, B. B.
 * Ratliff, John
 * Rist, John S.
 * Bissing, Justus
 * Heglar, Arthur L. (Dr.)
 * Sundquist, John
 * Birt, Alfred
 * Crank, R. L.
 * Hoverman, Henry
 * Schmehl, Howard B.
 * Ravenskilde, Peter M.
 * Leeper, James
 * Mahoney, Timothy
 * Guiddinger, John
 * Christopher, Gabriel
 * Horn, Jesse
 * Hayworth, James W.
 * Bissett, J. H.
 * Tripler, Charles
 * Johnson, Emil
 * Gardner, Henry
 * Dayton, A. J.
 * Martin, Samuel
 * Town, Barnard
 * Fairbanks, Ruland
 * Reinhemer, H.
 * Pope, Anderson
 * Howard, Charles (Hermit of Okefenokee Swamp)
 * Brown, James
 * Webster, George
 * Shade, Otto
 * Salmon, B. F.
 * Trainer, John

1901-09

 * Pence, W. H.
 * Lusadder, D. S.
 * Goss, William
 * Mercer, J. Warren
 * Saheb, Basel
 * McMillan, William
 * Herford, William
 * Redmond, Albert (Const.)
 * Debus, William
 * Kemble, Amos
 * Ormsby, Charles
 * Rose, Herbert
 * Otto, Francis Henry (Perpetual Motion Otto)
 * Haller, James
 * Dean, Harry Burness
 * Shannon, Jere
 * Kelley, Patrick
 * Doyle, William H.
 * Pedroti, Andrew
 * Cheek, John W.
 * Wondries, Charles
 * Clark, Emmett
 * Grimes, J. S.
 * Barrett, Harry
 * Vantine, Thomas
 * Morris, F. W.
 * Aldert, David
 * Stephens, A. J.
 * Keel, G. A.
 * Merrilatt, P. C.
 * Cutchin, Gertrude
 * Winemiller, George
 * DeWitt, Charles N.
 * Elliott, Peter O.
 * Zeigler, D. G.
 * Place, James E.
 * Frey, Aaron
 * Schapp, Adolph
 * Bunch, John W.
 * Russell, E. F.
 * Pegram, George
 * Ferry, James
 * Sahlberg, Carl August
 * Glenn, T. L.
 * Sweet, C. N.
 * Uniapon, David
 * Woodring, Edwin (LeHigh Hermit)
 * Knoerl, John
 * Webber, Charles J.
 * Scott, J. O.
 * Tuch, Christian Carl
 * McMahon, Frank
 * Saunders, W. L.
 * Maycock, A. H.

1910s

 * Perrigo, Harry E.
 * Markwood, Alfred Taylor
 * Kirk, John R.
 * Stritzen, John
 * Grossman, Carl
 * Larson, Hans August
 * Hodges, Noel
 * Gernand, Andrew
 * Hitchcock, Stanley I.
 * Herr, Chris F.
 * Rogers, Charles
 * Raymond, H. B.
 * Ackerland, Erick
 * Canion, W. G.
 * Banks, L. R.
 * Blades, Joe D.
 * Blanchette, Elie
 * Freer, Charles H.
 * Florio, Virginio
 * Kennedy, J. W.
 * Ostewig, Swan
 * Bloomberg, Otto
 * Ostewig, Kinnie A.
 * Bevins, George
 * Bryner, Karl
 * Rutzen, A. C.
 * Laney, James
 * Fletcher, Ambrose
 * Raes, Joseph
 * Ulram, Richard
 * Kilpatrick, Elbert C.
 * Giragossian, Garabed T. K.
 * Bowman, William M. (Hermit of Sierra)
 * Miles, Edmund

1920s

 * Merrill, Floyd B. (a.k.a. Burke, James)
 * Hoffman, C. J. H.
 * Garbe, William F.
 * Colvin, D. W.
 * Storms, Nathan
 * Nelson, August
 * Lymburner, E. W.
 * Davis, Riley
 * Harris, T. M.
 * Brown, Homer D.
 * Hendershot, Lester
 * d'Angelo, Antonio
 * Lame, D. E.
 * Townsend, J. A.
 * Wolfe, Charles J.

1930s

 * Lingelbach, Arthur C.
 * Bartlett, Reed
 * Ivanoff, Peter Mollow
 * Vick, Lawrence

1940s

 * Leedskalnin, Edward
 * Sparks, J. P.
 * McGill, Eustace

1950s

 * Spurlock, Charles E.
 * Parella, Antonio
 * Grande, Otto
 * Estep, William McKinley
 * Carr, Otis T.

1960s

 * Dean, Norman L. (Dean Drive)
 * Cotter, Wade
 * Kudyk, Michael
 * Brown, Al
 * Annis, Andrew
 * Poe, Dupree
 * Dinwiddle, Joseph
 * Kozlovskis, Oskar (Power Wing)
 * Brady, James

1970s

 * Searl, John (Searl Effect Generator)
 * Webb, John O.
 * Richardson, Mark N.
 * Billstrom, John
 * von Platen, Baltzar
 * Burke, Arnold
 * DePalma, Bruce
 * Kenyon, Keith

1980s

 * Newman, Joseph Westley

1990-2000

 * Meyer, Stanley
 * Marinov, Stefan

2001-2010

 * Kelly, Patrick (Genesis World Energy)
 * McCarthy, Seán (Steorn Ltd.)

2010s

 * Nikornpan, Saharat (Hydro-Electrenergy)

2020s

 * Ibrahim, Wisam Khalid (World Gravity Motor)



Free Energy Patents and Patent Office Responses

 * See: Perpetual Motion/Patents